update README file and create requirements.txt

backend/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+### Python template
+# Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files
+__pycache__/
+*.py[cod]
+*$py.class
+
+# C extensions
+*.so
+
+# Distribution / packaging
+.Python
+build/
+develop-eggs/
+dist/
+downloads/
+eggs/
+.eggs/
+lib/
+lib64/
+parts/
+sdist/
+var/
+wheels/
+*.egg-info/
+.installed.cfg
+*.egg
+
+# PyInstaller
+#  Usually these files are written by a python script from a template
+#  before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it.
+*.manifest
+*.spec
+
+# Installer logs
+pip-log.txt
+pip-delete-this-directory.txt
+
+# Unit test / coverage reports
+htmlcov/
+.tox/
+.coverage
+.coverage.*
+.cache
+nosetests.xml
+coverage.xml
+*.cover
+.hypothesis/
+
+# Translations
+*.mo
+*.pot
+
+# Django stuff:
+staticfiles/
+
+# Sphinx documentation
+docs/_build/
+
+# PyBuilder
+target/
+
+# pyenv
+.python-version
+
+# celery beat schedule file
+celerybeat-schedule
+
+# Environments
+.venv
+venv/
+ENV/
+
+# Rope project settings
+.ropeproject
+
+# mkdocs documentation
+/site
+
+# mypy
+.mypy_cache/
+
+
+### Node template
+# Logs
+logs
+*.log
+npm-debug.log*
+yarn-debug.log*
+yarn-error.log*
+
+# Runtime data
+pids
+*.pid
+*.seed
+*.pid.lock
+
+# Directory for instrumented libs generated by jscoverage/JSCover
+lib-cov
+
+# Coverage directory used by tools like istanbul
+coverage
+
+# nyc test coverage
+.nyc_output
+
+# Bower dependency directory (https://bower.io/)
+bower_components
+
+# node-waf configuration
+.lock-wscript
+
+# Compiled binary addons (http://nodejs.org/api/addons.html)
+build/Release
+
+# Dependency directories
+node_modules/
+jspm_packages/
+
+# Typescript v1 declaration files
+typings/
+
+# Optional npm cache directory
+.npm
+
+# Optional eslint cache
+.eslintcache
+
+# Optional REPL history
+.node_repl_history
+
+# Output of 'npm pack'
+*.tgz
+
+# Yarn Integrity file
+.yarn-integrity
+
+
+### Linux template
+*~
+
+# temporary files which can be created if a process still has a handle open of a deleted file
+.fuse_hidden*
+
+# KDE directory preferences
+.directory
+
+# Linux trash folder which might appear on any partition or disk
+.Trash-*
+
+# .nfs files are created when an open file is removed but is still being accessed
+.nfs*
+
+
+### VisualStudioCode template
+.vscode/*
+!.vscode/settings.json
+!.vscode/tasks.json
+!.vscode/launch.json
+!.vscode/extensions.json
+*.code-workspace
+
+# Local History for devcontainer
+.devcontainer/bash_history
+
+
+
+
+### Windows template
+# Windows thumbnail cache files
+Thumbs.db
+ehthumbs.db
+ehthumbs_vista.db
+
+# Dump file
+*.stackdump
+
+# Folder config file
+Desktop.ini
+
+# Recycle Bin used on file shares
+$RECYCLE.BIN/
+
+# Windows Installer files
+*.cab
+*.msi
+*.msm
+*.msp
+
+# Windows shortcuts
+*.lnk
+
+
+### macOS template
+# General
+*.DS_Store
+.AppleDouble
+.LSOverride
+
+# Icon must end with two \r
+Icon
+
+# Thumbnails
+._*
+
+# Files that might appear in the root of a volume
+.DocumentRevisions-V100
+.fseventsd
+.Spotlight-V100
+.TemporaryItems
+.Trashes
+.VolumeIcon.icns
+.com.apple.timemachine.donotpresent
+
+# Directories potentially created on remote AFP share
+.AppleDB
+.AppleDesktop
+Network Trash Folder
+Temporary Items
+.apdisk
+
+
+### SublimeText template
+# Cache files for Sublime Text
+*.tmlanguage.cache
+*.tmPreferences.cache
+*.stTheme.cache
+
+# Workspace files are user-specific
+*.sublime-workspace
+
+# Project files should be checked into the repository, unless a significant
+# proportion of contributors will probably not be using Sublime Text
+# *.sublime-project
+
+# SFTP configuration file
+sftp-config.json
+
+# Package control specific files
+Package Control.last-run
+Package Control.ca-list
+Package Control.ca-bundle
+Package Control.system-ca-bundle
+Package Control.cache/
+Package Control.ca-certs/
+Package Control.merged-ca-bundle
+Package Control.user-ca-bundle
+oscrypto-ca-bundle.crt
+bh_unicode_properties.cache
+
+# Sublime-github package stores a github token in this file
+# https://packagecontrol.io/packages/sublime-github
+GitHub.sublime-settings
+
+
+### Vim template
+# Swap
+[._]*.s[a-v][a-z]
+[._]*.sw[a-p]
+[._]s[a-v][a-z]
+[._]sw[a-p]
+
+# Session
+Session.vim
+
+# Temporary
+.netrwhist
+
+# Auto-generated tag files
+tags
+
+# Redis dump file
+dump.rdb
+
+### Project template
+# e_commerce/media/
+
+.pytest_cache/
+.ipython/

backend/Inspire_Ink/asgi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+"""
+ASGI config for Inspire_Ink project.
+
+It exposes the ASGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.
+
+For more information on this file, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/howto/deployment/asgi/
+"""
+
+import os
+
+from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application
+
+os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'Inspire_Ink.settings')
+
+application = get_asgi_application()

backend/Inspire_Ink/settings.py

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+"""
+Django settings for Inspire_Ink project.
+
+Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 5.1.5.
+
+For more information on this file, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/topics/settings/
+
+For the full list of settings and their values, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/ref/settings/
+"""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
+BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
+
+
+# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
+# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/howto/deployment/checklist/
+
+# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
+SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-42klz+7n0(j7@13+0%=-5nd@i)^3g-t7(br-3drg0u%xg9%a&r'
+
+# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
+DEBUG = True
+
+ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
+
+
+# Application definition
+
+INSTALLED_APPS = [
+    'django.contrib.admin',
+    'django.contrib.auth',
+    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
+    'django.contrib.sessions',
+    'django.contrib.messages',
+    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
+    
+    'rest_framework',
+    'rest_framework_simplejwt',
+    'djoser',
+    "corsheaders",
+    
+    "app",
+]
+
+MIDDLEWARE = [
+    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
+    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
+    "corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware",
+    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
+    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
+    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
+    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
+    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
+]
+
+ROOT_URLCONF = 'Inspire_Ink.urls'
+
+TEMPLATES = [
+    {
+        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
+        'DIRS': [],
+        'APP_DIRS': True,
+        'OPTIONS': {
+            'context_processors': [
+                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
+                'django.template.context_processors.request',
+                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
+                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
+            ],
+        },
+    },
+]
+
+WSGI_APPLICATION = 'Inspire_Ink.wsgi.application'
+
+
+# Database
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/ref/settings/#databases
+
+DATABASES = {
+    'default': {
+        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
+        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
+    }
+}
+
+AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'app.User'
+
+# Password validation
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
+
+AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
+    {
+        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
+    },
+    {
+        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
+    },
+    {
+        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
+    },
+    {
+        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
+    },
+]
+
+
+# Internationalization
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/topics/i18n/
+
+LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
+
+TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
+
+USE_I18N = True
+
+USE_TZ = True
+
+
+# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/howto/static-files/
+
+STATIC_URL = 'static/'
+
+MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
+MEDIA_ROOT = BASE_DIR / "media"
+
+# Default primary key field type
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/ref/settings/#default-auto-field
+
+DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
+
+
+
+REST_FRAMEWORK = {
+    'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': (
+        'rest_framework_simplejwt.authentication.JWTAuthentication',
+    )
+}
+
+from datetime import timedelta
+SIMPLE_JWT = {
+    'ACCESS_TOKEN_LIFETIME': timedelta(minutes=60),
+    'REFRESH_TOKEN_LIFETIME': timedelta(days=1),
+    'ROTATE_REFRESH_TOKENS': False,
+    'BLACKLIST_AFTER_ROTATION': True,
+    # 'AUTH_HEADER_TYPES': ('JWT',),
+}
+
+
+CORS_ALLOW_ALL_ORIGINS = True
+CORS_ALLOW_METHODS = (
+    "DELETE",
+    "GET",
+    "OPTIONS",
+    "PATCH",
+    "POST",
+    "PUT",
+)
+CORS_ALLOW_HEADERS = (
+    "accept",
+    "authorization",
+    "content-type",
+    "user-agent",
+    "x-csrftoken",
+    "x-requested-with",
+)

backend/Inspire_Ink/urls.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+"""
+URL configuration for Inspire_Ink project.
+
+The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
+    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/topics/http/urls/
+Examples:
+Function views
+    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
+    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
+Class-based views
+    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
+    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
+Including another URLconf
+    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
+    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
+"""
+from django.contrib import admin
+from django.urls import path, include, re_path
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.conf.urls.static import static
+
+
+urlpatterns = [
+    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
+    re_path(r'^auth/', include('djoser.urls')),
+    re_path(r'^auth/', include('djoser.urls.jwt')),
+    
+    path('app/', include('app.urls')),
+]
+
+if settings.DEBUG:
+    urlpatterns += static(settings.STATIC_URL, document_root=settings.STATIC_ROOT)
+    urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

backend/Inspire_Ink/wsgi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+"""
+WSGI config for Inspire_Ink project.
+
+It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.
+
+For more information on this file, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/howto/deployment/wsgi/
+"""
+
+import os
+
+from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
+
+os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'Inspire_Ink.settings')
+
+application = get_wsgi_application()

backend/app/admin.py

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+from django.contrib import admin
+from .models import User, Category, Article, Comment, Like, Notification
+
+@admin.register(User)
+class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
+    list_display = ('username', 'email', 'is_staff', 'is_active', 'date_joined')
+    search_fields = ('username', 'email')
+    list_filter = ('is_staff', 'is_active')
+    ordering = ('date_joined',)
+
+@admin.register(Category)
+class CategoryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
+    list_display = ('name', 'description', 'created_at')
+    search_fields = ('name',)
+    ordering = ('created_at',)
+
+
+@admin.register(Article)
+class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
+    list_display = ('title', 'author', 'category', 'created_at', 'updated_at')
+    search_fields = ('title', 'author__username')
+    list_filter = ('category',)
+    ordering = ('created_at',)
+    autocomplete_fields = ('author', 'category')
+
+@admin.register(Comment)
+class CommentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
+    list_display = ('content', 'author', 'article', 'created_at', 'id')
+    search_fields = ('content', 'author__username', 'article__title')
+    ordering = ('created_at',)
+
+@admin.register(Like)
+class LikeAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
+    list_display = ('user', 'article', 'created_at')
+    search_fields = ('user__username', 'article__title')
+    ordering = ('created_at',)
+
+@admin.register(Notification)
+class NotificationAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
+    list_display = ('recipient', 'content', 'created_at', 'is_read')
+    search_fields = ('recipient__username', 'content')
+    list_filter = ('is_read',)
+    ordering = ('created_at',)

backend/app/apps.py

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+from django.apps import AppConfig
+
+
+class AppConfig(AppConfig):
+    default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
+    name = 'app'

backend/app/models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+from django.db import models
+from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
+import uuid
+
+class User(AbstractUser):
+    """
+    Represents a user of the blog application. Extends the default Django AbstractUser to include additional fields.
+    """
+    bio = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True, help_text="A short biography of the user.")
+    profile_image = models.ImageField(upload_to="profile_images/", null=True, blank=True, help_text="Profile image of the user.")
+    followers = models.ManyToManyField("self", symmetrical=False, related_name="following", blank=True, help_text="Users who follow this user.")
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """Returns the username of the user."""
+        return self.username
+
+
+
+class Article(models.Model):
+    """
+    Represents an article written by a user.
+    """
+    id = models.UUIDField(primary_key=True, default=uuid.uuid4, editable=False)
+    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="articles", help_text="The author of the article.")
+    title = models.CharField(max_length=50, help_text="The title of the article.")
+    introduction = models.CharField(max_length=300, help_text="The introduction of the article.")
+    content = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True, help_text="The content of the article.")
+    thumbnail = models.ImageField(upload_to="article_thumbnails/", null=True, blank=True, help_text="An optional thumbnail image for the article.")
+    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, help_text="The timestamp when the article was created.")
+    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, help_text="The timestamp when the article was last updated.")
+    category = models.ForeignKey("Category", on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True, blank=True, related_name="articles", help_text="The category of the article.")
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """Returns the title of the article."""
+        return self.title
+
+
+class Category(models.Model):
+    """
+    Represents a category to organize articles.
+    """
+    name = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True, help_text="The unique name of the category.")
+    description = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True, help_text="A short description of the category.")
+    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, help_text="The timestamp when the category was created.")
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """Returns the name of the category."""
+        return self.name
+    
+
+class Comment(models.Model):
+    """
+    Represents a comment on an article.
+    """
+    id = models.UUIDField(primary_key=True, default=uuid.uuid4, editable=False)
+    article = models.ForeignKey(Article, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="comments", help_text="The article this comment belongs to.")
+    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="comments", help_text="The author of the comment.")
+    content = models.TextField(help_text="The content of the comment.")
+    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, help_text="The timestamp when the comment was created.")
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """Returns a short description of the comment."""
+        return f"Comment by {self.author.username} on {self.article.title}"
+
+
+class Like(models.Model):
+    """
+    Represents a like for an article or a comment.
+    """
+    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="user_likes", help_text="The user who liked the article or comment.")
+    article = models.ForeignKey(Article, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="article_likes", null=True, blank=True, help_text="The article that was liked, if applicable.")
+    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, help_text="The timestamp when the like was created.")
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """Returns a short description of the like."""
+        if self.article:
+            return f"{self.user.username} liked {self.article.title}"
+        elif self.comment:
+            return f"{self.user.username} liked a comment"
+
+
+class Notification(models.Model):
+    """
+    Represents a notification for a user.
+    """
+    id = models.UUIDField(primary_key=True, default=uuid.uuid4, editable=False)
+    recipient = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="notifications", help_text="The user who will receive the notification.")
+    content = models.CharField(max_length=255, help_text="The content of the notification.")
+    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, help_text="The timestamp when the notification was created.")
+    is_read = models.BooleanField(default=False, help_text="Indicates whether the notification has been read.")
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """Returns a short description of the notification."""
+        return f"Notification for {self.recipient.username}"
+
+
+class View(models.Model):
+    article = models.ForeignKey(Article, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="views")
+    id_address = models.GenericIPAddressField(null=True, blank=True)
+    session_id = models.CharField(max_length=255, null=True, blank=True)
+    timestamp = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return f"View on {self.article.title}"

backend/app/serializers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+from rest_framework import serializers
+from .models import *
+import os
+
+
+class CommentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+    
+    class Meta:
+        model = Comment
+        fields = "__all__" 
+        read_only_fields = ["article", 'author', 'created_at']
+
+        
+     
+class ArticleSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+    author = serializers.CharField(source='author.username', read_only=True)
+    image = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
+    comments = CommentSerializer(many=True, read_only=True)
+    likes_count = serializers.IntegerField(read_only=True)
+    
+    class Meta:
+        model = Article
+        fields = "__all__" 
+        read_only_fields = ['created_at', 'updated_at']
+        
+        
+    def get_image(self, obj):
+        request = self.context.get('request') 
+        if obj.thumbnail:
+            return request.build_absolute_uri(obj.thumbnail.url) 
+        return None
+    
+    def validate_thumbnail(self, value):
+        valid_extensions = ['.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png', '.gif', '.webp']
+        ext = os.path.splitext(value.name)[1].lower()
+        if ext not in valid_extensions:
+            raise serializers.ValidationError("JPG, JPEG, PNG, GIF, WebP.")
+        return value
+                
+    def create(self, validated_data):
+            """
+            Override the create method to use update_or_create.
+            """
+            title = validated_data.get('title')
+            defaults = {
+                "introduction": validated_data.get('introduction'),
+                "content": validated_data.get('content'),
+                "author": self.context['request'].user,
+                "category": validated_data.get('category'),
+                "thumbnail": validated_data.get('thumbnail'),
+            }
+            article, created =  Article.objects.update_or_create(author=self.context['request'].user, title=title, defaults=defaults)
+            return article, created
+        
+        
+class ArticleListSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+    author = serializers.CharField(source='author.username', read_only=True)
+    likes_count = serializers.IntegerField(read_only=True)
+    image = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
+    
+    class Meta:
+        model = Article
+        fields = ["id", "author", "title", "image", "likes_count", 'created_at', 'updated_at']
+        read_only_fields = ['created_at', 'updated_at']
+        
+    def get_image(self, obj):
+        request = self.context.get('request') 
+        if obj.thumbnail:
+            return request.build_absolute_uri(obj.thumbnail.url) 
+        return None
+    
+    
+    
+    
+class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+    """
+    Serializer for User model that includes the user's articles.
+    """
+    articles = ArticleSerializer(many=True, read_only=True)
+
+    class Meta:
+        model = User
+        fields = ['id', 'username', 'email', 'bio', 'profile_image', 'followers', 'articles']

backend/app/tests/test_models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+from django.test import TestCase
+from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+from app.models import Category, Tag, Article, Comment, Like, Notification
+
+User = get_user_model()
+
+class BlogModelsTest(TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """
+        Set up test data for all the models.
+        """
+        self.user1 = User.objects.create_user(username="testuser1", password="password123", bio="Bio for user1")
+        self.user2 = User.objects.create_user(username="testuser2", password="password123")
+
+        self.category = Category.objects.create(name="Technology", description="All about tech.")
+
+        self.tag1 = Tag.objects.create(name="Python")
+        self.tag2 = Tag.objects.create(name="Django")
+
+        self.article = Article.objects.create(
+            author=self.user1,
+            title="Test Article",
+            content="This is a test article.",
+            category=self.category,
+        )
+        self.article.tags.add(self.tag1, self.tag2)
+
+        # Create comment
+        self.comment = Comment.objects.create(
+            article=self.article,
+            author=self.user2,
+            content="This is a test comment."
+        )
+
+        # Create like
+        self.like = Like.objects.create(user=self.user2, article=self.article)
+
+        # Create notification
+        self.notification = Notification.objects.create(
+            recipient=self.user1,
+            content="You have a new like on your article."
+        )
+
+    def test_user_creation(self):
+        """
+        Test the User model and its additional fields.
+        """
+        self.assertEqual(self.user1.bio, "Bio for user1")
+        self.assertEqual(self.user1.followers.count(), 0)
+
+    def test_category_creation(self):
+        """
+        Test the Category model.
+        """
+        self.assertEqual(self.category.name, "Technology")
+        self.assertEqual(self.category.description, "All about tech.")
+
+    def test_tag_creation(self):
+        """
+        Test the Tag model.
+        """
+        self.assertEqual(Tag.objects.count(), 2)
+        self.assertIn(self.tag1, self.article.tags.all())
+
+    def test_article_creation(self):
+        """
+        Test the Article model.
+        """
+        self.assertEqual(self.article.title, "Test Article")
+        self.assertEqual(self.article.author, self.user1)
+        self.assertEqual(self.article.category, self.category)
+        self.assertEqual(self.article.tags.count(), 2)
+
+    def test_comment_creation(self):
+        """
+        Test the Comment model.
+        """
+        self.assertEqual(self.comment.article, self.article)
+        self.assertEqual(self.comment.author, self.user2)
+        self.assertEqual(self.comment.content, "This is a test comment.")
+
+    def test_like_creation(self):
+        """
+        Test the Like model.
+        """
+        self.assertEqual(self.like.user, self.user2)
+        self.assertEqual(self.like.article, self.article)
+        self.assertIsNone(self.like.comment)
+
+    def test_notification_creation(self):
+        """
+        Test the Notification model.
+        """
+        self.assertEqual(self.notification.recipient, self.user1)
+        self.assertEqual(self.notification.content, "You have a new like on your article.")
+        self.assertFalse(self.notification.is_read)
+
+    def test_article_view_increment(self):
+        """
+        Test manually incrementing the views for an article.
+        """
+        self.article.views += 1
+        self.article.save()
+        self.assertEqual(self.article.views, 1)
+
+    def test_followers(self):
+        """
+        Test the followers functionality.
+        """
+        self.user1.followers.add(self.user2)
+        self.assertEqual(self.user1.followers.count(), 1)
+        self.assertIn(self.user2, self.user1.followers.all())

backend/app/urls.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from django.urls import path
+from . import views
+
+urlpatterns = [
+    path('article/', views.ArticleView.as_view()),
+    path('article/<uuid:pk>/', views.ArticleView.as_view()), # for Retrieve & Delete object
+    
+    path('comment/<uuid:pk>/', views.CommentView.as_view()),
+    
+    path('like/<uuid:pk>/', views.LikeView.as_view()),
+    
+    path('user/', views.UserDetailView.as_view()),
+]

backend/app/views.py

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+from rest_framework.views import APIView
+from rest_framework import status
+from rest_framework.response import Response
+from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
+from django.db.models import Count
+from .models import *
+from .serializers import *
+from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
+from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
+
+
+class ArticleView(APIView):
+    
+    def get(self, request, pk=None):
+        if pk:
+            article = get_object_or_404(
+                Article.objects
+                .select_related('author', 'category')
+                .prefetch_related('comments')
+                .annotate(likes_count=Count('article_likes')),
+                pk=pk
+            )
+            serializer = ArticleSerializer(article, context={'request': request})
+            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
+        
+        articles = (
+            Article.objects
+            .select_related('author', 'category')
+            .annotate(likes_count=Count('article_likes'))
+        )
+        serializer = ArticleListSerializer(articles, many=True, context={'request': request})
+        return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
+    
+    def post(self, request):
+        serializer = ArticleSerializer(data=request.data, context={"request": request})
+        if serializer.is_valid():
+            article, created = serializer.save()
+            if created:
+                    return Response(
+                        {"detail": "Article created successfully", "article_id": article.id},
+                        status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED,
+                    )
+            else:
+                return Response(
+                    {"detail": "Article updated successfully", "article_id": article.id},
+                    status=status.HTTP_200_OK,
+                )
+                
+        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
+    
+    def delete(self, request, pk):
+        if not pk:
+            return Response(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
+        
+        article = get_object_or_404(Article.objects.filter(author=request.user).select_related("author").only("id","author"), pk=pk)
+        article.delete()
+        return Response({"detail": "Article deleted successfully."}, status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
+    
+    
+    
+class CommentView(APIView):
+    def post(self, request, pk): # pk for article
+        article = get_object_or_404(Article.objects.only('id'), pk=pk)
+        if Comment.objects.filter(article=article, author=request.user).exists():
+            return Response({"detail": "You have already commented on this article."}, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
+        serializer = CommentSerializer(data= request.data)
+        
+        if serializer.is_valid():
+            serializer.save(article=article, author=request.user)
+            return Response({"detail": "Comment created successfully"}, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
+        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
+    
+    
+    def delete(self, request, pk): # pk for comment
+        comment = get_object_or_404(Comment.objects.filter(author=request.user).select_related("author").only('id', "author"), pk=pk)
+        comment.delete()
+        return Response({"detail": "Comment deleted successfully."}, status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
+    
+    
+    
+class LikeView(APIView):
+    def post(self, request, pk):  # pk for article
+        article = get_object_or_404(Article.objects.only('id'), pk=pk)
+
+        # Try to delete the like if it exists, otherwise create it
+        like_deleted, _ = Like.objects.filter(article=article, user=request.user).delete()
+
+        if like_deleted:
+            return Response({"detail": "Like deleted successfully."}, status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
+
+        Like.objects.create(article=article, user=request.user)
+        return Response({"detail": "Like created successfully"}, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
+
+
+
+
+class UserDetailView(APIView):
+    """
+    API view to retrieve a user's details along with their articles.
+    """
+    def get(self, request):
+        user = User.objects.get(id=request.user.id)
+        serializer = UserSerializer(user, context={'request': request})
+        return Response(serializer.data)

backend/manage.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+"""Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks."""
+import os
+import sys
+
+
+def main():
+    """Run administrative tasks."""
+    os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'Inspire_Ink.settings')
+    try:
+        from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
+    except ImportError as exc:
+        raise ImportError(
+            "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "
+            "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you "
+            "forget to activate a virtual environment?"
+        ) from exc
+    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()